The Iran Contra Scandal Was A Shocking And Nefarious...

The Iran-Contra Scandal was a shocking and nefarious governmental affair which occurred during the executive administration of President Ronald Reagan. The affairs involved many people in the United States government and their dealings with other nations, and the congressional hearings which were held to expose the secrets and find the truth behind the scandal to determine who was involved and who would be deemed guilty of atrocious crimes (Vile). President Reagan arranged a deal with Iran, secretly selling weapons to the Iranians for their ongoing war being fought against the nation of Iraq, in exchange for the American hostages who were being held by the Iranians (â€Å"The Iran-Contra Affair†). The United States’ relations with Iran were†¦show more content†¦It was later found that the United States government had not received all of the money Iran had paid for the weapons which they had received (â€Å"The Iran-Contra Affair†). â€Å"While probing the question of the arms-for-hostages deal, Attorney General Edwin Meese discovered that only $12 million of the $30 million the Iranians reportedly paid had reached government coffers† (â€Å"The Iran-Contra Affair†). Lieutenant Colonel Oliver Laurence North of the United State’s National Security Council (NSC) had sent out a significantly large portion of the money from the Iranians to the Nicaraguan Contras, under the presum ption that the President had approved of this act but without actually having received the direct approval of President Ronald Reagan (Fredriksen). Prior to North sending money to the Nicaraguan Contras, Congress used one of their many constitutional powers, the power to manage foreign affairs, which allowed them to have control over the nation’s relationship with the Nicaraguan Contras, so they had written the Boland Agreement of 1984, in order to restrict the United States in their support for these Contras (Fredriksen). â€Å"Congress

Stalins Corruption - 1564 Words

I believe in one thing only, the power of human will said Stalin once. He certainly did have cause to believe in the power of a humans will as he experienced it in himself firsthand, having had extraordinary willpower and perseverance (He didnt call himself Man of Steel for nothing, folks), rising up from the lowly station of alcoholics son in Georgia to one of the biggest monsters in human history, supposedly killing more than Hitler. Exactly how did he do this? Why? And how did his corruption reach such extents as to do all this for power? Josef Stalin (originally named Josef Djugashvili) was born in Gori, a violent town in eastern Georgia, on the twenty-first of December, in 1878, to his parents Ketevan Geladze and Besarion†¦show more content†¦By acting as if his words were indirectly Lenins, Stalin could say almost any number of things with the people agreeing out of respect for Lenin. This relates to the propaganda technique Testimonial. There were other ways that he took advantage of how Communism was--the omnipotent and omnicompetent boss was still the norm in a society so recently under Czarist authority (Pereira, 5). Because of this, Stalin could easily claim supremacy over the people of Russia, because they were used to this. Part of what helped Stalin attain so much power and therefore get so corrupt was all of this taking advantage of not completely set rules. But why did he want to take advantage of this for power? He did this because of his power-hungry personality. Stalins having a power-hungry personality is a big part of what made him corrupt, and is also a part of his corruption. Not many will dispute this, especially once faced with evidence--Stalins craving for power is evident in many areas. He certainly had a lot of will-power to do as much as he did! One such example of this is accentuated by him opportunism and likeness to a chameleon; he would do almost anything to attain power, not having scruples or paying attention to ideals (although he harnessed those of the people to gain power!) : Stalin performed his great turn-about in late 1927 and took over the left analysis (Pereira, 5). This is interesting because Stalin had been on theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Bitter Watters 921 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences under Stalin’s Soviet Union. Andreev-Khomiakov (the author) talks about his everyday life during the years of 1935 to 1941. From the point of being imprisoned in a labor camp in till he has to leave Moscow because of World War II. In the book Andreev-Khomiakov talks about how the Stalin system works daily, and expresses his own opinions about it. He explains how controlled he and his coworkers are by the Soviets. This primary source is helpful to feel what it was like under Stalin’s Soviet UnionRead MoreJoseph Stalin And Vladimir Putin1062 Words   |  5 Pagesto spy on citizens and urged citizens to spy on each other. Additionally, he enforced freedomless press and speech; violators of his laws were sent to Gulags, labor camps . After promises to build Russia into a strong market economy and to end corruption, Vladimir Putin was elected as president of Russia in 2000, was re-elected in 2004, and was re-elected once again in 2012 . However, there is much skepticism about the legitimacy and impartiality of the 2004 and 2012 elections. Experts state thatRead MoreSquealers Role in Animal Farm Essay example1184 Words   |  5 Pagesreceiving whatever they desire with minimal opposition. br brSquealer is used by Orwell to symbolize the Pravda, the Russian newspaper directed and organized by the government during the administration of Joseph Stalin. Orwell presents the corruption of the Soviet command and authority in his critique of the propaganda employed to overpower probable combat from the populace. The exclusive possession of the media, is also criticized by Orwell. br brSquealer was the bearer of news for ManorRead MoreEvaluation Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1101 Words   |  5 Pagespublished in 1945, and the context when it was written plays a huge role in shaping it. It was after the Russian Revolution in which we see Joseph Stalin became the new leader of the Soviet Union. Stalin’s idea and leadership clearly doesn’t impress George Orwell, as this book shows the dark side of Stalin’s system through a group of fictional characters, the animals. Not only that, the book was also able to foresee the situation every government in the world is facing: the lethal side of power. TheRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1243 Words   |  5 Pagescommunism and Stalin’s rule. An author shows his or her purpose through the text’s hidden meanings, the structure of the text, the sequence of events, and the diction of the text. One way the author conveys his or her purpose is through the use of hidden meanings. A story’s plot is somehow based on the author’s real life, and the author writes the story to convey these events. For example, although the book Animal Farm is completely fictional, it is based on the events that occurred during Stalin’s rule inRead MoreCritical Analysis of a Document Essay example817 Words   |  4 Pagesbut what had to be done to keep their own life. As Kopelev’s extract goes on we see with it the fading of this initial blind enthusiasm for a communist dream, and an emergence of deeper sentiments conveying bitterness towards the corruption and treacherous institution to which he’d complied with. Such jaded attitudes become evident through his admissions of having to ‘still my doubts the way I had learned to’ proving perhaps that of all the harm imposed by such a partyRead MoreThe Silent Genocide Of Ukraine : Holodomor 1932-19331247 Words   |  5 PagesUnion from 1932-1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. This cruelty of a slow death by starving was a purposeful act by Joseph Stalin and the leaders at that time. To cease further genocides in our world today, it is imperative to know how this corruption and disaster starts, so it can be prevented in the future. By understanding the Soviet leader’s motives and the lives affected by this famine, this will lead to further comprehension about power and communism. Power corrupts those who are givenRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1698 Words   |  7 Pagessignificantly is a satirical look at the history of the Soviet Union, beginning with the Russian Revolution in 1917. The rebellion at Manor Farm mirrors the Russian Revolution of 1917 and although meant to liberate the workers, became a tool for Stalin’s oppressive and brutal dictatorship. Stalin, like Napoleon, his ant hropomorphic counterpart, quashed any opposition, denying people the freedom to express their political views. Although Animal Farm is an attack on a specific government, its generalRead MoreKarl Marx s Interpretation Of Communism1148 Words   |  5 Pagesa once powerful nation, now crumbling down, focused exclusively on the Soviet Union as a starting point for a revolution with his â€Å"Socialism in one country†, thus putting a stop to Lenin’s ideas of world revolution (Wood, week 5, slide 7). Joseph Stalin’s obsession with security greatly influenced his world view. In truth, this could be one of the reasons why Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler in 1939. When the latter broke the pact and invaded his country, Stalin made sure that HitlerRead More George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pagesmental. Orwell also shows how the state has more subtle methods for imposing its authority, such as the manipulation of language and propaganda as they are used to achieve the goal of absolute power for the system. A key parallel between the Party and Stalin’s Communism is the use of technology and communication to control the economic, social, and personal aspects of life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stalin and Big Brother achieved total control, not only of social and economic aspects of the state

The recent increase in agricultural productivity Free Essays

In the recent times the agricultural productiveness has been increased two times while the country of the cultivated land is increased by merely 10 percent.But the job is how to manage the inauspicious effects of clime alteration on agribusiness productiity.Incrasing populations at high rate I is besides a serious concern, harmonizing to FAO the universe population will make 9 billion by 2050 which is presently 6. We will write a custom essay sample on The recent increase in agricultural productivity or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7 billion.It is estimated that the universe agricultural nutrient demand will be increased to 70 % , and at the same clip clime alteration is expectrd Ro cut down the agricultural productivity.The function of developing states is critical and they should must transform their tradional patterns to modern techniques.To guarantee the nutrient security in future FAO has proposed figure of valueable ways through which the agricultural production will increased with minimising the consequence of utmost clime conditions.The proposed methods are soi and alimentary direction in this methods smallholders can profit the most by the usage of manure and harvests residues to increase production.Management of H2O in harvests prodution is besides of import, today irrigation is practiced in merely 20 % of the agricultural land in the devloping states but are genearting 130 % more yields.Smallholders should follow the efficeint methods or H2O use.Cliamte alteration has increased the effects or plagues and diseases impacts on the harvests which in consequence has decreased the outputs leval.Resilence othe ecosystems is of import as ecosystem can assist in many ways in prolonging the cliamte and cut downing the degree of GHGs emissions.Harvesting and supply ironss of the harvests should be efficient and advanced so that the station crop losingss should be minimized.Processing and storage of agricutral merchandises besides helps in cut downing the losingss of excess food.Use of advanced engineerings improves the production degree but at the same clip, in some instances the job of ecological harm, resource development and plague and diseases are noticed.These all patterns are making good in different developing states under the guidline of FAO but still there are still so me information spreads which consequences in the faliure of practical application of these production systems and patterns. Rice is one of the most cardinal nutrient point used in most underdeveloped states and about 3 billion people eat rice daily.Due to the utmost waether conditions H2O logging and irregular rainfall enchantments has adversly effact the end product of rice crop.Differnt methods are proposed to command these effects.Croping forms are changed and embankments are built to construct t protect rice farms from inundations and drouth, tolerant and resistent varities of rice are being introduced.Different researches are being done on rice cultivation and urea deep arrangement UDP engineering has been developed.In bagladesh these this pattern has shown 60 % nest eggs in urea usage and output additions of about 1 ton per hacter.Differnt extenuation and version techniques are being used by different states e.g usage of natural fertilisers, variegation of harvests nad no cultivated land. Conservation agiculture is another pattern which is proposed by FAO it has three steps.Managemant and usage of fertilisers in such a manner that more is produced with less usage of fertilizers.Rotation of harvests and usage of legums workss for nitrogen arrested development and avoidence of tillage.It reduces the vulnerabilty of harvests by version to cliamte alteration and besides better the nutrient security in sustainable way.agroforestry is another pattern by which the issue of milliliter and nutrient security can be minimized.It is the usage of trees an vitamin D bush in agricutural harvest and in land managemnr systemTrees can better the dirt birthrate, particularly the N repairing legume trees.In Africa this system has increased corns end product from 1.3 to 1.6 tons.It is besides one of chief beginning of C sequestartion of the universe CO2 emissions.It is of import for two hundred extenuation. Urban and semi urban agricuture is besides impotant to adress the issue of nutrient security and turning demand.50 % of universe population is populating in metropoliss but they can non run into their demand of nutrient so they rely on rural agri products.In metropoliss agriclture production can be parcticed in diffent topographic points like schools, infirmaries roof tops and Windowss boxes etc and these are go oning in some countries.But there are different sorts of hurdlings like the deficit of H2O, land issue, envirnomental impacts of urban agri consequence the populace and make diseaes and wellness concerns.therefore mor advanced tecnolgies are required and metropoliss be aftering should back up the urban agri activities.The demand of more advanced production system is besides needed which can besides carry through the smallfamers enregy needs.Biofules shuold be produced from the residue of different harvests. How to cite The recent increase in agricultural productivity, Essay examples

Hospitality Industry and Property Management-Samples for Students

Question: If you were starting a small Boutique Hotel, would you decide to use a Cloud-based or local server-based Property Management System? Justify your decision with reference to the academic literature. Answer: Property management system: The essay discusses the chief courses for property management. For a small boutique hotel, the management can use a well-travelled and familiar route of software that is locally installed or an increasingly explored way through the cloud (Rodrguez-Antn et al. 2012). Could computing has become a trend and it is expanding largely across industries from tourism to technology. Opting for local: The most important component of the system is the data server where guest, reservation as well as accounting data have been stored. The researchers usually recommend that the server must be dedicated to only PMS as additional appliances that run on the same server may slower overall performance of system. Multiple server may be required according to the size of the property. Systems that provide integrated Web booking module requires additional server for managing concurrent reservations. These are then saved in main server. Centralised as well as virtual management also need terminal servers. Technical requirements: Computer or workstations- These need to conform or follow to the operating system like Microsoft windows supported by PMS and to all the programs needed by the interfaces. Beside this, Data servers, Terminal server, operating system, Network cards and Removable back-up systems are also required (Cohen and Olsen 2013). The property authority must consider the existing hardware and check whether they are current and can meet optimum requirement of the system. Advantages: As the internet is widespread, the properties from isolated locations can also easily access which is one and only rare situations where Cloud-based PMS cannot be the best solution. As the local server based systems do not need internet connection, accessing the system needs no internet connection. This is also an advantage of local server based systems that it can avoid concerns for the internet security. Over internet there is always threat associated with viruses, system hacks and malwares. Security concerns must be considered as sensitive data especially the guest data are stored through a PMS. The managers can contain data on site and keep eyes on them through a local server based system (Mo Kwon, Bae and Blum 2013). It is a safer option where the owner need no concern for security as well as maintenance measures. The private networks must be secured, server rooms locked up, computers and back up servers must be ready all the time, power generators optional and disaster recovery must be ready for perfect operation. The successful outcome also need an experienced IT staff. Disadvantages: The chief disadvantage of local server based PMS affect keenly to the small, middle sized as well as independent properties. As they have meagre budget for requirements of the systems, maintenance and upgradation. The local server-based PMS can cost $ 10,000 which is a big amount for expenditure. Beside this, initial costs include software licencing and hardware. Maintenance cost are steep that include the replacement of hardware, upgradation and energy costs for running the machineries and payments of IT personnel (Law et al. 2013). The disadvantages of the local server PMS are- They require complex hardware that are expensive They are expensive as well as complicated for maintenance These are time consuming and need trading and software installation Additional cost for web enabled features Responsibility of data as well as system comes on the owner IT expert required for attending problems. The local server based systems are expensive as well as complicated that need to keep updated software. The upgradation often needs to be purchased which are expensive yet less frequent. These upgradations are more time consuming than that of the cloud based software. This huge investment and upgradation costs of local server based systems often discourage the management therefore, they do not upgrade obsolete systems (Verma, Stock and McCarthy 2012). This decreases the systems operational efficiency and inhibits the competitive edge of the property. Inefficiency in management in daily basis offends the guests and has great impact on revenue. Along with the expensive cost of hardware and system in the local server based property management system, the property has to take the technical responsibility of hardware. The vendors of the system are responsible only for PMS software (Okumus 2013). Such technical accountability becomes pressure for the property manager. Therefore, the employment of an IT professional is a mandatory for the local server based systems. The property is also responsible for data security and back up along with system access and safety. They are responsible for database security, system access protection, manual data back-up procedure, hardware damage aa well as theft and disaster recovery protocol for ensuring the system secured. Opting for cloud-based system: The cloud based PMS are deployed over internet. The property management system software is not installed in the computers of the hotel but can be avail through internet. And accessed via a browser. The software and the PMS data are located on the remote servers that are securely stored in the databases of the vendors. Technical requirements: The chief technical requirements of the cloud-based PMS are- Workstation or computer Internet connection and a back-up connection In the cloud-based PMS the user feels the system to be program in their computers though the software can be located remotely as well as data are saved remotely (Boutaba, Zhang and Zhani 2013). The system and data can be accessed through any computer that is connected to the internet and even through tablet or smart phone. The technical resources needed for the cloud-based PMS are maintained by the vendor. The clients can use these resources that are provided on the basis of demand through the internet. The vendor charges its clients accordingly. The clients pay for what they use. This model is therefore, called as SaaS or software as a service. Advantages: The chief benefit of the cloud-based property management system that it does not need expensive hardware and system software therefore the hotel can tremendously save the IT costs. The hotel does not need to invest on the servers, backup drives and network cable. It only needs to have computers and internet connection (Wei and Blake 2013). Therefore, the management do not need to take responsibility for the hardware the all the technical responsibilities associated with it. There is no need of IT professional as the vendors are experienced and qualified to take care of all the technical upkeep. For cloud-based property management system, the setup is easy and less time consuming. Whereas the local sever PMS requires more time for taring and installation, the cloud-based needs no time for installation (Jung and Sim 2012). The training is usually conducted vial online tutorials or live. The cloud-based PMS gets ready within a week as SaaS products have centralized as well as communal nature. The problem of upgradation and of systems can be handled effortlessly by all users and often without any cost. After the property grows the local server systems need additional licenses but in cloud-based PMS, the system adapts with the growth of the property. The hotel management do not need to purchase new server instead they request the system vendor for increased room inventory allotments (Gorgoglione, Dekorsy and Fettweis 2014). The vendors supply it through data downloads and additional storage. Beside this, the users can access the system with no extra cost. For its centralized management with multiple location facility, clod-based system has become more popular. Customizability as well as scalability of the functions enables the users to turn on and of any features. Property-specific customizations have been deployed via a virtual switch by the individual property. Cloud-based PMS is an attractive option for the property managers who need a convenient off-site access, seasonal property managers who take reservations at the time of closure and businesses that have satellite offices (Xiao, Song and Chen 2013).This handy feature enables the users in case of computer crashes and staffs can access the system from another computer or from their smartphones. Integrated web reservation engines as well as mobile applications are natural components of this PMS. Online bookings are directed to hotels central database that results in integrated reservations data. Therefore, eliminates need for separate allocation of inventory for bookings and manual upgradation of main reservation database. Disadvantages: The cloud-based system needs examination but the system vendors offer expertise in data and system security. This system largely depends on the reliability of the internet therefore, the cloud PMS vendors need to invest more powerful resources, infrastructures and procedures for protecting against all online security threat like viruses as well as malwares and most importantly connection loss. Concerns for connectivity loss and system security are chief disadvantages of cloud-based PMS (Mishra et al. 2012). Despite the fact that internet failure is a rare these days, the vendors ensure that system remains online via redundant Internet connections. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the hotel must set up an alternative connection and back up plans. Therefore, from the above analysis it can be concluded that the small hotel management needs to discuss about the property circumstances and their goals while taking decisions regarding the selection of PMS for their property. Usage of cloud-based systems fits logically in this increasing online world with its swift technical movements and highly sophisticated features. Cloud-based PMS offers an affordable reality therefore has been applied in small and mid-sized properties. References: Boutaba, R., Zhang, Q. and Zhani, M.F., 2013. Virtual machine migration in cloud computing environments: Benefits, challenges, and approaches.Communication Infrastructures for Cloud Computing, pp.383-408. Cohen, J.F. and Olsen, K., 2013. The impacts of complementary information technology resources on the service-profit chain and competitive performance of South African hospitality firms.International journal of hospitality management,34, pp.245-254. Gorgoglione, M., Dekorsy, A. and Fettweis, G., 2014. Benefits and impact of cloud computing on 5G signal processing. Jung, G. and Sim, K.M., 2012. Location-aware dynamic resource allocation model for cloud computing environment. InInternational Conference on Information and Computer Applications, IPCSIT(Vol. 24, pp. 37-41). Law, R., Leung, D., Au, N. and Lee, H.A., 2013. Progress and development of information technology in the hospitality industry: Evidence from Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(1), pp.10-24. Mishra, M., Das, A., Kulkarni, P. and Sahoo, A., 2012. Dynamic resource management using virtual machine migrations.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(9). Mo Kwon, J., Bae, J.I. and Blum, S.C., 2013. Mobile applications in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,4(1), pp.81-92. Okumus, F., 2013. Facilitating knowledge management through information technology in hospitality organizations.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,4(1), pp.64-80. Rodrguez-Antn, J.M., del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M., Celemn, M.S. and Rubio, L., 2012. Use of different sustainability management systems in the hospitality industry. The case of Spanish hotels.Journal of Cleaner Production,22(1), pp.76-84. Verma, R., Stock, D. and McCarthy, L., 2012. Customer preferences for online, social media, and mobile innovations in the hospitality industry.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,53(3), pp.183-186. Wei, Y. and Blake, M.B., 2013, March. Adaptive service workflow configuration and agent-based virtual resource management in the cloud. InCloud Engineering (IC2E), 2013 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 279-284). IEEE. Xiao, Z., Song, W. and Chen, Q., 2013. Dynamic resource allocation using virtual machines for cloud computing environment.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,24(6), pp.1107-1117.